Week Six

Andragogy
Alexander Kapp (1833) – Referring to Plato, coins the term “Andragogy” to describe a person’s lifelong “necessity” to learn
Rosenstock (1921) – Pioneered the training of blue-collar workers and developed ideas about continuous learning for adults
Linderman (1926) – Publishes book entitled “The Meaning of Adult Education” further developing these adult learning ideas
Knowles (1980) – Publishes several works defining Andragogy, eventually earning him the title “The Father of Andragogy”

The Father of Andragogy

Malcolm Knowles fully developed the learning theory ANDRAGOGY in the 1980s, some highlights in the infographic below:

In summary: Adult learners are self-directed, take an active role in their learning, and bring their life experiences to the fore.

Impact for Instructional Design: Do your best to individually tailor the learning journey for autonomous individuals with diverse backgrounds and learning approaches. Encourage an inclusive environment and design learning focused on self-directed adult activities, leaning into experience, process, projects, tasks, collaboration, group work, engagement, sharing, and reflection.

Criticism: As Knowles himself was later forced to acknowledge, the learner’s age is probably less important than creating the context to foster motivations like independence, control, and pride in process and outcome. Children appreciate these as well.


A Personal Adult Learning Experience

My family was lucky enough to live abroad for four years with our school-age children in a Spanish-speaking country.
The difference between my experience and my kid’s learning experience was stark. They went to a full-day bilingual school that provided formal education in two languages equally dividing the day into two parts. They emerged completely bilingual.
Myself, on the other hand, I had to find informal ways to learn Spanish. I had to dig deep into my intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. 1) I had a need to know because I wanted to be a fully engaged member of society. 2) My self-concept was that I was a fast learner of languages, as I spoke decent French. 3) My prior experience, felt like a need to prove my language skills extended beyond just one language. 4) My readiness to learn was necessitated by a need to understand what was happening around me and the desire to overcome bureaucratic hurdles when it came to services like health care. In contrast to my children’s formal education and time commitment, I had to hire a series of private tutors and find ways to fit language lessons into my already busy days. Much of what we did together was on practical things. 5) My orientation to learning was to gain useful skills in real-life situations. 6) My intensely high motivation notwithstanding, I emerged with barely passable Spanish.



WORKS CITED

KAPP QUOTED WORD
Indiana University of Pennsylvania. https://www.iup.edu/pse/files/programs/graduate_programs_r/instructional_design_and_technology_ma/paace_journal_of_lifelong_learning/volume_25

TIMELINE DETAILS
https://www.timetoast.com/users/2830385. (1833). Timetoast. Timetoast Timelines; Timetoast. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/androgogy-a-brief-history-of-adult-learning

BOOK REFERENCED
The Meaning of Adult Education – Scholar’s Choice Edition. (2015). Google Books. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Meaning_of_Adult_Education_Scholar_s.html?id=6hxKrgEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description

INFOGRAPHIC
Description
Overview: This contains an infographic about andragogy by Malcolm Knowles (1990).
Subject: Education, Higher Education Level: College / Upper Division, Graduate / Professional Material Type: Diagram/Illustration Author: Frankie Fran Date Added: 05/27/2020
License: Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives Language: English